How do writers create sharp, witty speech for their characters? There are some fundamentals which need to be grasped in order to boost one's dialogue-writing powers.
The most important thing to keep in mind about screen dialogue is that less is more. Cinema is a language spoken in images. Dialogue should be used sparingly and as a last resort, after a visual, active picture has been painted on the page which tells the story. Characters should only speak when absolutely necessary and even then it should be sparse, leaving much to the imagination.
When we do let the characters talk, every word must work hard. Dialogue has four essential functions in a screenplay: conveying character, moving the story forward, expressing subtext, and entertaining the audience.
Conveying Character
Dialogue must reveal character. This means that every line has to resonate with the person who says it. The flavor of their background should be captured in their word choices, and the syntax (arrangement of words) should be uniquely theirs.
For example, Harry Callahan's “Go ahead, make my day,” would never be uttered by Scarlett O'Hara’s maid , Prissy, nor would Callahan be likely to say, “I don’t know nothing bout birthin' no babies." Every person has their own unique world view, background, attitudes and personality quirks, and these should inform the things they say as well as the way they say it.
It helps to think about where the character is from – East or West Coast? The South? Europe? How do people talk from that region? Listening to examples can help with hearing the cadence of that particular type of speech. Next, think about the character as an individual. What is his or her educational background? What economic class are they in? Are they creative? Logical? Even-tempered? Or emotional?
Once you have a very clear definition for this character, their dialogue will naturally come out sounding like them and only them. Keep a clear vision of your character’s unique traits in mind when you draft their dialogue, and again when you revise and polish it. In the later stages of revision, a writer can feel where the dialogue is smooth and where it is still awkward and doesn’t quite do its job.
Moving the Story Forward
Well-written dialogue also imperceptibly serves the purpose of moving the story forward, by having the characters say something which leads to something happening. Either a decision is made, a question is asked, information is revealed, but in one way or another, a cause effect relationship between the dialogue spoken and the next actions taken is felt. This is one way the plot advances smoothly, with a logical flow and an engaging dose of momentum.
Expressing Subtext
Third, dialogue should always contain subtext. Another way to think about this is that characters should never say exactly what they mean. This leads to dialogue that is too “on the nose,” to use the jargon of the industry. Irony and subtext are essential. Think of Thelma and Louise at the end of that movie. Thelma simply says, “Let’s keep goin’” and Louise says, “Are you sure?” and Thelma says “Yeah.” What we see is that they’re at the edge of a huge cliff with the cops behind them. What we hear would mean nothing without the image. But within that image, it speaks volumes. The text is the words on the surface, but the subtext is the meaning beneath those words, in the context of the images we see and the storyline up to that point.
Entertaining the Audience
Finally, dialogue needs to evoke a visceral response and engage the audience. With only two hours of screen time, every second counts, and the writer cannot afford to leave one dull line in. Whether it’s a funny line, a mysterious line, a poignant line, or a frightening one, make sure the line has some entertainment value. It needs to move the audience emotionally, evoking intrigue, humor, sadness, fear, or some other strong feeling, or it will fail to engage the audience.
The secret to successful dialogue might seem mysterious, but there are actually some basic guidelines a writer can follow to help create unforgettable screenplay lines.
Read more screenwriting techniques in Writing a Screenplay Based on a True Story.
Candace Kearns Read - I am the creator of the website and blog: The Movie of Your Life: Shaping True Story into Screenplay. Are you interested in writing ...
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